Dispersion in Single Stream Manifold
If the volume of a sample (S) of initial concentration C° is higher than 3 S1/2 values of any single stream manifold, the dispersion in the center of the sample zone will approach D=1, resulting in near-zero concentration of a reagent (R).
This situation is undesirable for reagent based assays, since it leads to readout error at peak maximum.
This is why, almost exclusively, FI manifolds are constructed using confluence points where reagent is added continuously and where local turbulence provides an efficient mixing in radial direction.
1.2.9.
Since all Sequential Injection techniques are based on single stream manifold the volumes of injected samples and reagents have to be carefully chosen and flow programming, which provides mixing through flow reversal and acceleration must be applied. (Chapter 2)
